“Take up and read.” — St. Augustine

Tolle Lege

Sources — Sacred Scripture (eBible.org), Catechism and Papal Documents (Vatican.va, Papal Encyclicals Online), Church Fathers (New Advent).

Always refer to the official texts.

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Can. 1440 — Tolle Lege

Canon Law

Can. 1440

Code of Canon Law

If competence by reason of grade according to the norm of cann. 1438 and 1439 is not observed, the incompetence of the judge is absolute.

Source: Code of Canon Law (Vatican.va)