The Enarrations, or Expositions, on the Psalms

¹¹ Then he turns himself to her, “O daughter of Babylon, unhappy;” unhappy in your very exulting, your presumption, your enmity; “unhappy daughter of Babylon!”. The city is called both Babylon, and daughter of Babylon: just as they speak of “Jerusalem” and “the daughter of Jerusalem,” “Sion” and “the daughter of Sion,” “the Church” and “the daughter of the Church.” As it succeeds the other, it is called “daughter;” as it is preferred before the other, it is called “mother.” There was a former Babylon; did the people remain in it? Because it succeeds to Babylon, it is called daughter of Babylon. O daughter of Babylon, “unhappy” thou!...