24 The mystery contained in those words, I and the Father are One, moves you to wrath. The Jew answered, You, being a man makest Yourself God; your blasphemy is a match for his:— 'Thou, being a creature, makest Yourself God.' You say, in effect, 'You are not a Son by birth, You are not God in truth; You are a creature, excelling all other creatures. But You were not born to be God, for I refuse to believe that the incorporeal God gave birth to Your nature.
Thou and the Father are not One. Nay more. You are not the Son, You are not like God, You are not God.' The Lord had His answer for the Jews; an answer that meets the case of your blasphemy even better than it met theirs:— Is it not written in the Law, I said, You are gods? If, therefore, He called them gods, unto whom the word of God came, and the Scripture cannot be broken, say ye of Me, Whom the Father has sanctified and sent into this world, that I have blasphemed, because I said I am the Son of God?
If I do not the works of the Father, believe Me not; but if I do, and you will not believe Me, believe the works, that you may know and be sure that the Father is in Me, and I in Him. The matter of this reply was dictated by that of the blasphemous attack upon Him. The accusation was that He, being a man, made Himself God. Their proof of this allegation was His own statement, I and the Father are One. He therefore sets Himself to prove that the Divine nature, which is His by birth, gives Him the right to assert that He and the Father are One.
He begins by exposing the absurdity, as well as the insolence, of such a charge as that of making Himself God, though He was a man. The Law had conferred the title upon holy men; the word of God, from which there is no appeal, had given its sanction to the public use of the name. What blasphemy, then, could there be in the assumption of the title of Son of God by Him Whom the Father had sanctified and sent into the world? The unalterable record of the Word of God has confirmed the title to those to whom the Law assigned it.
There is an end, therefore, of the charge that He, being a man, makes Himself God, when the Law gives the name of gods to those who are confessedly men. And further, if other men may use this name without blasphemy, there can obviously be no blasphemy in its use by the Man Whom the Father has sanctified,— and note here that throughout this argument He calls Himself Man, for the Son of God is also Son of Man— since He excels the rest, who yet are guilty of no irreverence in styling themselves gods.
He excels them, in that He has been hallowed to be the Son, as the blessed Paul says, who teaches us of this sanctification:— Which He had promised afore by His prophets in the Holy Scriptures, concerning His Son, Which was made of the seal of David according to the flesh, and was appointed to be the Son of God with power, according to the spirit of sanctification. Thus the accusation of blasphemy on His part, in making Himself God, falls to the ground. For the Word of God has conferred this name upon many men; and He, Who was sanctified and sent by the Father, did no more than proclaim Himself the Son of God.
Source: On the Trinity (New Advent)